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Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Pandanus database of Indian plant names
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  Boswellia serrata Roxb. details in Pandanus database of Indian plant names

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 Latin nameBoswellia serrata Roxb.
 FamilyBurseraceae
 Identified with (Lat)Boswellia thurifera Roxb. ex Flem., Boswellia glabra Roxb.
 Identified with (Skt)sallakī, kunduru
 Identified with (Hin)sālai, kundur
 Identified with (Ben)śallakī, kundu, kunduru, kundurukī
 Identified with (Tam)paṟaṅkicāmpirāṇi
 Identified with (Mal)kunturukkam, sāmprāṇi
 Identified with (Eng)Indian Olibanum tree
 Botanical infoA deciduous tree of medium size, papery bark, small white flowers, its resin has many pharmacological uses, grows in dryer areas of central and northern India.
 Search occurrencesallakī, kunduru, kunduru, in the Pandanus database of Sanskrit e-texts
 See plant's imageBoswellia serrata Roxb. in Google image search
 Encyclopedias &
 Dictionaries

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (p. 291)
kunduru, us mf. Boswellia thurifera VarBṛS. lvii, 5; the resin of that plant (Olibanum).

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (p. 1059)
f. (also written sallakī) a porcupine R. Pañcar.; Boswellia thurifera MBh. R. &c.; incense, olibanum Suśr.

Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras (p. 2559)
paṟaṅkicāmpirāṇi: 1. Salai tree, Indian olibanum tree, l. tr., Boswelia serrata typica; 2. Exodus of Indian frankincense

Dymock, Warden, Hooper: Pharmacographia Indica (vol. I, pp. 295-297)
Boswellia sp., Bursceraceae
Hab.- Several species inhabiting Eastern Africa, near Cape Guardafui, Socotra and the Southern Coast of Arabia.
Fig.- Frankincense trees (Eng.); the gum-resin 'olibanum'
For an account of the different species, Birdwood on the Genus Boswellia, with descriptions and figures of three new species (Linn. trans. xxvii. (1871), 111), and Balfour (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. Vol. xxxi.), may be consulted; also the Pharmacographia, but the exact number of species cannot be determined until more perfect materials shall have been obtained. An interesting summary of the history of Olibanum in Europe will be found in the Pharmacographia. It is the -*- and -*- of the Greeks and the Tus or Thus of the Romans. (Confer. Theoph. Hist. Plant. iv., 6. ix. 1, 2, 4. Dios. i., 72. Plin. 12. 30, 31, 32. Lucr. 3. 328. From Pliny's account it appears that there was no female frankincense in his time.) The olibanum trade between Arabia and India probably dates from pre-historic times. Sanskrit writers speak of olibanum as KundurĹŤ, and describe its use as incense and as a local application to indolent swellings to promote suppuration. The Mahometan writers describe several kinds of Olibanum- 1st, deep yellow tears, called Kundur Zakar, or Male Frankincense; 2nd, pale tears, called Kundur Unsa, or Female Frankincense; 3rd, Kundur Madahraj, artificial tears, made by shaking the moist exudation in a basket; 4th, Kishar Kundur or Kashfa, the bark or scurf of the tree coated with the exudation (Dhup of Bombay market); 5th, Dukak Kundur, or dust of Olibanum. The first kind is most esteemed. Mir Muhammad Hussain says that Frankincense should burn readily, showing that it is not mixed with gum Arabic; should not emit much smoke, showing its freedom from Juniper resin. Moreover, he remarks that a kind of Frankincense is said to be produced in India, which has a reddish tinge (probably an allusion to the gum resin of Boswelia serrata).
Olibanum is considered by the Mahometans to be hot and dry, and to have dessicative, astringent and detergent properties. It is used internally and externally in much the same way as we use the products of the Pines and Firs. In 1868, Olibanum was made official in the Pharmacopoeia of India, where it is recommended in chronic pulmonary affections, such as bronchorrhoea and chronic laryngitis, employed both internally and in the form of fumigation. In the same work an ointment has been introduced which is said to be a good stimulant application to carbuncles, alcerations, boils, &c. A good imitation of commercial Burgundy Pitch may be made by incorporating melted olibanum with water in a steam bath; a sufficiently good quality for this purpose can be purchased for Rs. 12 per cwt. Allcock's porous plaisters are said to be made of it.
Boswellia serrata, Bursceraceae (vol. I, pp. 302-303)
Fig.- Salai tree (Eng.)
The history of this drug is involved in much obscurity, owing to it having been confounded by both native and European writers with true Frankincense and Bdellium. Sanskrit writers may possibly sometimes allude to it when they speak of Kunduru, but as this word is evidently the same as the Arabic Kundur, it is much more likely that they allude to the true Frankincense imported from Africa and Arabia, and which we know to have been introduced into India at a very remote period. Mahometan writers have probably included the produce of B. serrata among the different kinds of Mukul fro which they give as the Indian synonym GĹŤggul. It seems probable that the true Sanskrit name for B. serrata is Sallaki, from which the Hindi word Salai has been derived. The exudation from the tree is called Sallaki-drava or Sihla, and Guggulu. Ainslie notices B. glabra as producing GĹŤggul, and B. serrata the olibanum of commerce, but calls the latter Salai, and quotes Dr. F. Hamilton's MS. account of Shahabad, where the tree is said to be very common and to yield a resin called Sale-gond or Sale-lassa, which is not used. Dr. Hamilton describes it as of the consistence of turpentine when it flows from the tree; in this state it is called at Chandalghar Gandah-biroza, and in the dry state Sukha-biroza. (Mat. Ind. 1, 226.) Other European authors make the same mistake with regard to the source of commercial olibanum . B. glabra is now considered to be only a variety of B. serrata. B. serrata is one of the commonest trees in some parts of Khandesh, Loonawara, and other neighbouring territories; the gum-resin is obtained by incising the bark. Dr. Hooker, when ascending from Belcuppee in Behar to the height of 1,360 feet, came upon a small forest of these trees, which he likens to the mountain ash. Dr. Irvine remarks that the tree is very plentiful in the Ajmeer hills, where the gum-resin is called Ganda-biroza, and is similar in appearance to Venice turpentine. Dr. O'Shaughnessy obtained fine specimens from the Shahabad country. The collection of GĹŤggul is a source of revenue to the Bhils, and a stake cut from the tree is set in the ground when a marriage takes place among them. Sanskrit writers describe Guggulu as moist, viscid, fragrant, and of a golden colour when freshly exuded- a description which is not applicable to the exudation of the Balsamodendros, but is exactly so to the exudation of B. serrata. It is said to be demulcent, aperient, alterative, and a purifier of the blood. The Yogaraja gĹŤggula is a well known alterative compound; it contains Guggal 25 parts, Triphala 15 parts, ginger, long pepper, chavak, pipalimul, chitrak, hing, ajmod, siras, jira, shahjira, renuka, indrajao, paharmul, baberang, kutki, atis, bharangi, vekhand, of each one part, morvel two parts. The whole is made into a pill mass, the dose of which is from 3 to 5 grains, to be taken with a decoction of Spaeranthus indicus. It is used in rheumatism, nervous diseases, scrofulous affections, urinary disorders and skin diseases, and is generally combined with aromatics.
Commerce.- GĹŤggal is not exported from India, but is consumed in Central and Northern India as an incense and medicine.


 
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