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Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex A. DC. in Pandanus database of Indian plant names
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  Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex A. DC. details in Pandanus database of Indian plant names

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 Latin nameHolarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex A. DC.
 FamilyApocynaceae
 Identified with (Lat)Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. Ex G. Don
 Identified with (Skt)kuṭaja, kaliṅgā
 Identified with (Pkt)kuḍaya
 Identified with (Hin)kurcī, kuḍā
 Identified with (Ben)kuraci, kuṛaci, kūṭaj
 Identified with (Tam)kuṭacappālai, vēppālai
 Identified with (Mal)kuṭakappāla
 Identified with (Eng)Kurchi, Conessi tree, Tellicherry bark
 Botanical infoA deciduous laticiferous shrub or small tree, white flowers in cymes, grows all over India up to 900m elevation.
 Search occurrencekuṭaja, kaliṅgā, in the Pandanus database of Sanskrit e-texts
 See plant's imageHolarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex A. DC. in Google image search
 Encyclopedias &
 Dictionaries

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (p. 262)
kaliGga, ās m. pl.N. of a people and their country (the N. is applied in the Purāṇas to several places, but especially signifies a district on the Coromandel coast, extending from below Cuttack [Kaṭaka] to the vicinity of Madras) MBh. Hariv. VP. &c.; m. an inhabitant of Kaliṅga Sāh.; N. of a king of Kaliṅga (from whom the Kaliṅga people are said to have originated; he is sometimes mentioned as a son of Dīrghatamas and Sudeshṇā, sometimes identified with Bali) MBh. Hariv. &c.; N. of a being attending on Skanda MBh. (ed. Bomb.) ix, 45, 64 (v. l. kalinda ed. Calc.); N. of several authors; the fork-tailed shrike L.; Caesalpina Bonducella L.; Wrightia antidysenteria L.; Acacia Sirissa L.; Ficus infectoria L.; (ā) f. a beautiful woman L.; Opomea Turpethum; (am) n. the seed of Wrightia antidysenteria Suśr.; (mfn.) clever, cunning L.

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (p. 288)
m. Wrightia antidysenterica (having seeds used as a vermifuge; cf. indra-yava) MBh. R. &c.; born in a pitcher N. of the sage Agastya (cf. Nir. v, 13 and 14), L.; of Droṇa, L.; -mallā f. a kind of plant, L.

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (p. 299)
kūṭaja, m. (= kuṭ-) the tree Wrightia antidysenterica R. iv, 29, 10.

Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras (p. 963)
kuṭacappālai: 1. Conessi bark, s. tr., Holarhena antidysenterica; 2. Green wax-flower; 3. Wild olive

Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras (p. 3835)
vēppālai: Conessi bark

Dymock, Warden, Hooper: Pharmacographia Indica (vol. II, pp. 391-394)
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Apocynaceae
Fig.- Conessi or Tellicherry Bark (Eng.)
The Sanskrit names for this useful tree are very numerous, the best known are Kutaja and Kalinga, amongst others we may mention Girimallika, Vatsaka "cow tree," Sakra sakhin "Indra's tree," and Sakrāsana "Indra's food." The tree is fabled to have sprung from the drops of amrita, which fell on the ground from the bodies of Rama's monkeys, which were restored to life by Indra. The seeds are called in Sanskrit Indrayava, Bhadrayava, Vatsakavija, or Sakravija, "Indra's seed." The bark is one of the most important articles in the Hindu Materia Medica, and is described in the Nighāntas as bitter, astringent, cold and digestive; a remedy for piles, dysentery, bile, leprosy, and phlegmatic humours. Suśruta says it is expectorant, an antidote to poisons, cures dysuria, urinary and skin diseases, checks nausea and vomiting, removes pruritus, improves the condition of bad ulcers, relieves pains of the stomach, and checks the derangement of the three humours, viz., phlegm, air and bile. The seeds are considered to be astringent, febrifuge and anthelmintic. Both bark and seeds are usually combined by Hindu physicians with a number of other medicines, which are principally astringents, bitters and aromatics. As examples of such preparations we may mention we may mention the Kutajaleha or confection, and the Pathādya churna or compound powder of Chakradatta. In the Pradarāni lauha the drug is combined with iron, but perhaps the most popular preparation is the Kutajārishta or Kutaja wine of Sarangadhara, which is made in the following manner: -Take of fresh root bark, 12 1/2 seers, raisins, 6 1/4 seers, flowers of Bassia latifolia and bark of Gmelina arborea of each 80 tolas; boil them together in 256 seers of water, till reduced to 64 seers, and strain. Then add flowers of Woodfordia floribunda 2 1/2 seers; treacle 12 1/2 seers, and let the mixture ferment for a month in a cool place (it us usually buried under the ground). Draw off and bottle. This preparation has an agreeable flavour, is not bitter, and is an excellent remedy in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea. Plasters and oils, containing Conessi bark combined with astringents and aromatics, are also used by the Hindus. They are applied over the part of the abdomen which is most painful.
Arabic and Persian writers describe the seeds under the name of Lisān-el-asafčr-el-murr, and Zabān-i-gungishk-i-talk (bitter sparrow's tongue); they consider them to be carminative and astringent, and prescribe them in chronic chest affections, such as asthma, also in colic and diuresis; besides this they attribute lichontripic, tonic and aphrodisiac properties to them, and combined with honey and saffron make them into pessaries which are supposed to flavour conception. We may mention incidentally that the use of medicated pessaries for this purpose is common practice in India. (Similar pessaries were used by the Greeks and Romans.) They are also used after delivery. According to the Makhzan, the bark is Tiwaj (tvac?) of Persian writers, which the author of the Tuhfat identifies with Talisfar, by some supposed to be the Indian bark used in dysentery by the Greek physicians under the name of -*-.
The Portuguese physicians, Garcia and Christopher a Costa, describe the drug under the names of Coru, Curo, Cura and Corte de pala. Rheede, who calls the tree Codaga-pala, states that the bark is applied as a l‚p (plaster) in rheumatism, and that a hot decoction of it is used in toothache, and in the cure of bowel affections. Ainslie mentions the bark as having been lately admitted into the British Materia Medica, under the name of Conessi bark.
Conessi bark, also known as Codaga pala, Corte de pala, and Tellicherry bark, enjoyed for a time considerable repute in Europe. It has however fallen into disrepute, principally, according to Sir Walter Elliot, who regards it as one of the most valuable medicinal products of India, from the comparatively inert bark of W. tinctoria having been confounded with it. Favourable reports of its use as a remedy in dysentery will be found in the Pharmacopoeia of India. For administration Mr. O. C. Dutt prefers a watery extract of the root bark, of which the average dose is about three grains in combination with half a grain or more of opium.
Other European physicians have preferred the powdered bark, or a decoction made with 2 oz. of the bark to 2 pints of water, to be boiled down to one pint. The impure alkaloid (wrightine) is bitter, and has been used with some success as an antiperiodic, and in the treatment of dysentery ocurring in aged persons and infants. It is sold by druggists in Calcutta.
For an exhaustive analysis of the botanical confusion which has arisen in connection with this plant and the various species of Wrightia, we would refer our readers to an article by M. R. Blondel (Nouveaux Rem‚des, Sept. 24. 1887), in which the botanical history and structure of Holarrhena antidysenterica is fully discussed and illustrated.


 
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